Hugh Thompson Reid

Hugh Thompson Reid: A Formidable Force in Law, Land, and Military Leadership

Written by Erika Berrett

Early Life and Education

Born on October 18, 1811, in Union County, Indiana, Hugh Thompson Reid pursued higher education with vigor, graduating from Bloomington College in Indiana. His college classmate, Richard Holman, remembered him fondly, describing Reid as "a shining light among his peers, as sunny spots on the cheerless waste of time... a friend – not one who impelled by motives of interest has sought and obtained my friendship, but from the purest, holiest motives."

Career in Law and Business

After moving to the Iowa Territory in 1839, Reid quickly established himself as a prominent attorney in Fort Madison and later in Keokuk. From 1840 to 1842, he served as the prosecuting attorney for five counties, gaining a reputation for his effectiveness in the courtroom. His legal expertise also led him to become one of the largest landowners in Iowa, engaging extensively in land transactions throughout Lee County. Beyond his legal practice, Reid was instrumental in developing regional infrastructure, serving as president of the Des Moines Valley Railroad and playing a crucial role in the construction of railroads and bridges across Iowa. A contemporary account noted, "As a land lawyer, he stood in the front rank of his profession."

Military Service

At the age of fifty, Reid joined the Civil War effort as the colonel of the 15th Iowa Volunteers. His military service was distinguished by his leadership at the Battle of Shiloh, where he was severely wounded. Despite this, he continued to command his troops, encouraging them throughout the engagement. According to a military historian, during the battle, Reid was "covered with blood, exhorting the men to stand firm; being the last mounted field officer who remained on horseback to the close of the battle." He also played a strategic role in various other military engagements and was involved in significant actions against the Knights of the Golden Circle, a subversive organization. His military contributions were recognized in 1863 when he was promoted to brigadier general, a nomination that was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on President Lincoln's recommendation.

Later Years and Advocacy

After the Civil War, Reid returned to his legal and railroad businesses, though his activities were limited by his war injuries. He also became an advocate for the enlistment of Black soldiers, emphasizing the importance of their contributions to the Union cause. In his later years, Reid became more involved in his church, serving as a vestryman, and focused on his family, reflecting a shift toward a quieter, more reflective life.

Death and Legacy

Reid died on August 21, 1874, in Keokuk, Iowa, from complications related to Bright’s Disease. His death marked the end of a life characterized by significant contributions to law, land management, and military service. His eulogist remembered him as a man "indulgent toward his family, to them he was ever kind and affectionate; his goodness of heart being proverbial, for his heart was as tender and sympathetic as that of a child."

Sources:

1. Ancestry.com

2. Hamilton, Holman (1953). An Indiana College Boy in 1836: The Diary of Richard Henry Holman

3. [Daily Gate City (Keokuk, IA)](https://civilwartalk.com/threads/reid-hugh-thompson.178469/)

4. [First 200 - Indiana University](https://first200.iu.edu/degree-recipients/reid-hugh-thompson.html)